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fluorescent lighting - translation to russian
![A cold-cathode fluorescent lamp from an emergency-exit sign. Operating at a much higher voltage than other fluorescents, the lamp produces a low-amperage [[glow discharge]] rather than an arc, similar to a [[neon light]]. Without direct connection to line voltage, current is limited by the transformer alone, negating the need for a ballast.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp.JPG?width=200 "A cold-cathode fluorescent lamp from an emergency-exit sign. Operating at a much higher voltage than other fluorescents, the lamp produces a low-amperage [[glow discharge]] rather than an arc, similar to a [[neon light]]. Without direct connection to line voltage, current is limited by the transformer alone, negating the need for a ballast.")
![A [[Sankey diagram]] of energy losses in a fluorescent lamp. In modern designs, the biggest loss is the [[quantum efficiency]] of converting high-energy UV photons to lower-energy visible light photons.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fluorescent Energy.svg?width=200 "A [[Sankey diagram]] of energy losses in a fluorescent lamp. In modern designs, the biggest loss is the [[quantum efficiency]] of converting high-energy UV photons to lower-energy visible light photons.")
![[[Electronic ballast]] basic schematic](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fluorescent Lamp Inverter.png?width=200 "[[Electronic ballast]] basic schematic")
![T12 and T8]] G13 bi-pin fluorescent lamps](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fluorescent lamp hold for T8 and T12 lamps.jpg?width=200 "T12 and T8]] G13 bi-pin fluorescent lamps")
![Light from a fluorescent tube lamp reflected by a [[CD]] shows the individual bands of color.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fluorescent lamp spectrum.jpg?width=200 "Light from a fluorescent tube lamp reflected by a [[CD]] shows the individual bands of color.")
![[[Capacitive coupling]] with [[high-voltage power line]]s can light a lamp continuously at low intensity.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fluorescent tube under electric line.jpg?width=200 "[[Capacitive coupling]] with [[high-voltage power line]]s can light a lamp continuously at low intensity.")
![A [[germicidal lamp]] uses a low-pressure mercury-vapor glow discharge identical to that in a fluorescent lamp, but the uncoated [[fused quartz]] envelope allows ultraviolet radiation to transmit.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Germicidal UV discharge tube glow.jpg?width=200 "A [[germicidal lamp]] uses a low-pressure mercury-vapor glow discharge identical to that in a fluorescent lamp, but the uncoated [[fused quartz]] envelope allows ultraviolet radiation to transmit.")
![A helical cool-white fluorescent lamp reflected in a [[diffraction grating]] reveals the various [[spectral lines]] which make up the light.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Helical fluorescent lamp spectrum by diffraction grating.JPG?width=200 "A helical cool-white fluorescent lamp reflected in a [[diffraction grating]] reveals the various [[spectral lines]] which make up the light.")
![The [[color temperature]] of different electric lamps](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kelvin Temperature Chart.svg?width=200 "The [[color temperature]] of different electric lamps")
![Top: two non-integrated [[compact fluorescent lamp]]s. Bottom: two fluorescent tube lamps. Both types require a ballast in the [[light fixture]]. A matchstick, left, is shown for scale.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Leuchtstofflampen-chtaube050409.jpg?width=200 "Top: two non-integrated [[compact fluorescent lamp]]s. Bottom: two fluorescent tube lamps. Both types require a ballast in the [[light fixture]]. A matchstick, left, is shown for scale.")
![ballast]] continually heats the [[cathode]]s at the ends of the lamps. This ballast runs two F40T12 lamps in series.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Magnetek Watt Reducer HPF Rapid Start Ballast.jpg?width=200 "ballast]] continually heats the [[cathode]]s at the ends of the lamps. This ballast runs two F40T12 lamps in series.")
![ballast]] for 18–20 W](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/New GE Ballast.JPG?width=200 "ballast]] for 18–20 W")
![[[Peter Cooper Hewitt]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peter Cooper Hewitt.jpg?width=200 "[[Peter Cooper Hewitt]]")
.png?width=200 "frameless")
![[[Electronic ballast]]s and different compact fluorescent lamps](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/TCS lamps2.jpg?width=200 "[[Electronic ballast]]s and different compact fluorescent lamps")
![Fluorescent spectra in comparison with other forms of lighting. Clockwise from upper left: Fluorescent lamp, [[incandescent bulb]], [[candle]] flame and [[LED lighting]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Various lighting spectrums - Flurescent incandescent diode and candle.jpg?width=200 "Fluorescent spectra in comparison with other forms of lighting. Clockwise from upper left: Fluorescent lamp, [[incandescent bulb]], [[candle]] flame and [[LED lighting]].")
общая лексика
люминесцентное освещение
Definition
Wikipedia
A fluorescent lamp, or fluorescent tube, is a low-pressure mercury-vapor gas-discharge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light. An electric current in the gas excites mercury vapor, which produces short-wave ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor coating on the inside of the lamp to glow. A fluorescent lamp converts electrical energy into useful light much more efficiently than an incandescent lamp. The typical luminous efficacy of fluorescent lighting systems is 50–100 lumens per watt, several times the efficacy of incandescent bulbs with comparable light output. For comparison, the luminous efficacy of an incandescent bulb may only be 16 lumens per watt.
Fluorescent lamp fixtures are more costly than incandescent lamps because, among other things, they require a ballast to regulate current through the lamp, but the initial cost is offset by a much lower running cost. Compact fluorescent lamps are now available in the same popular sizes as incandescents and are used as an energy-saving alternative in homes.
Because they contain mercury, many fluorescent lamps are classified as hazardous waste. The United States Environmental Protection Agency recommends that fluorescent lamps be segregated from general waste for recycling or safe disposal, and some jurisdictions require recycling of them.
